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Basic abstraction principles are reached through ontology, which wastraditionally conceived as a depiction of the world itself. Ontology is alsodescribed using conceptual modeling (CM) that defines fundamental concepts ofreality. CM is one of the central activities in computer science, especially asit is mainly used in software engineering as an intermediate artifact forsystem construction. To achieve such a goal, we propose Stoic CM (SCM) as adescription of what a system must do functionally with minimal ambiguity. As acase study, we apply SCM to investigate the ontology of BPMN (business processmodeling notation). Such an undertaking would demonstrate SCM notions andsimultaneously may offer a viable ontological foundation for BPMN. SCM definesthe being of things and actions in reality based on Stoic notions of existenceand subsistence. It has two levels of specification: (1) a subsistence staticmodel where things and actions subsist and (2) an existence dynamic model wherethings and actions exist in time. From the Stoic ontological point of view,while a thing existing has a clear denotation, subsistence indicates the thingis being there, but it is inactive (does not participate in an event). We applySCM to BPMN processes that involve buying a new car with many notions, such asactivity, task, event, and message. The result indicates that SCM produces atighter representation of reality, thus providing the necessary description ofthe part in the application world to be used as requirements for developing thesoftware system.

Stoic Conceptual Modeling Applied to Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)