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The origin of the spins of stellar-mass black holes is still controversial,and angular momentum transport inside massive stars is one of the main sourcesof uncertainty. Here, we apply hierarchical Bayesian inference to deriveconstraints on spin models from the 59 most confident binary black hole mergerevents in the third gravitational-wave transient catalogue (GWTC-3). Weconsider up to five parameters: chirp mass, mass ratio, redshift, effectivespin, and precessing spin. For model selection, we use a set of binarypopulation synthesis simulations spanning drastically different assumptions forblack hole spins and natal kicks. In particular, our spin models range frommaximal to minimal efficiency of angular momentum transport in stars. We findthat, if we include the precessing spin parameter into our analysis, modelspredicting only vanishingly small spins are in tension with GWTC-3 data. On theother hand, models in which most spins are vanishingly small, but that alsoinclude a sub-population of tidally spun-up black holes are a good match to thedata. Our results show that the precessing spin parameter has a crucial impacton model selection.

Binary black hole spins: model selection with GWTC-3