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The global averaged civilian positioning accuracy is still at meter level forall existing Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs), and the performanceis even worse in urban areas. At lower altitudes than satellites, high altitudeplatform stations (HAPS) offer several benefits, such as lower latency, lesspathloss, and likely smaller overall estimation error for the parametersassociated in the pseudorange equation. HAPS can support GNSSs in many ways,and in this paper we treat the HAPS as another type of ranging source. In sodoing, we examine the positioning performance of a HAPS-aided GPS system in anurban area using both a simulation and physical experiment. The HAPSmeasurements are unavailable today; therefore, they are modeled in a rathersimple but logical manner in both the simulation and physical experiment. Weshow that the HAPS can improve the horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP), thevertical dilution of precision (VDOP), and the 3D positioning accuracy of GPSin both suburban and dense urban areas. We also demonstrate the applicabilityof a RAIM algorithm for the HAPS-aided GPS system, especially in the denseurban area.

Analysis of a HAPS-Aided GNSS in Urban Areas using a RAIM Algorithm