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Global sea-level rise causes increasing threats of coastal flood andsubsequent pollutant dispersion. However, there are still few studies on thedisparity arising from such threats and the extent to which differentcommunities could be exposed to flood-induced pollution dispersion from toxicsites under future sea level rise. To address this gap, this study selectsTexas (a U.S. state with a large number of toxic sites and significant floodhazards) as the study area and investigates impacts of flood-induced pollutantdispersion on different communities under current (2018) and future (2050)flood hazard scenarios.The results show, currently, north coastline in Texasbears higher threats and vulnerable communities (i.e., low income, minoritiesand unemployed) are disproportionally exposed to these threats. In addition,the future sea-level rise and the exacerbated flood hazards will put additionalthreats on more (about 10%) Texas residents, among which vulnerable communitieswill still be disproportionately exposed to the increased threats. Our studyreveals the facts that potential coastal pollutant dispersion will furtheraggravate the environmental injustice issues at the intersection of toxic sitesand flood hazards for vulnerable populations and exacerbate risk inequalities.Given the dire impacts of flood-induced pollution dispersion on public health,the findings have important implications for specific actions from the policymakers to mitigate the inequitable risks.

Collision of Environmental Injustice and Sea Level Rise: Assessment of  Risk Inequality in Flood-induced Pollutant Dispersion from Toxic Sites in  Texas