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Efficient mixing and pumping of liquids at the microscale is a technologythat is still to be optimized. The combination of an AC electric field with asmall temperature gradient leads to a strong electro-thermal flow that can beused for multiple purposes. Combining simulations and experiments, an analysisof the performance of electro-thermal flow is provided when the temperaturegradient is generated by illuminating plasmonic nanoparticles in suspensionwith a near-resonance focused laser. Fluid flow is measured by tracking thevelocity of fluorescent tracer microparticles in suspension as a function ofthe electric field, laser power, and concentration of plasmonic particles.Among other results, a non-linear relationship is found between the velocity ofthe fluid and particle concentration, which is justified in terms of multiplescattering-absorption events, involving aggregates and individual particles,that lead to enhanced absorption when the concentration is raised. Simulationsprovide a description of the phenomenon that is compatible with experiments andconstitute a way to understand and estimate the absorption and scatteringcross-sections of dispersed particles and/or aggregates. A comparison ofexperiments and simulations suggests that the gold nanoparticles are aggregatedforming clusters of about 5-9 particles, but no information about theirstructure cannot be obtained without further theoretical and experimentaldevelopments. This nonlinear behavior could be useful to get very high ETPvelocities by inducing some controlled aggregation of the particles.

Electro-Thermo-Plasmonic Flow in Gold Nanoparticle Suspensions: Nonlinear Flow Velocity Dependence with Aggregates Concentration