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Autocatalysis is thought to have played an important role in the earlieststages of the origin of life. An autocatalytic cycle's (AC) constituentchemicals can collectively catalyze their own recreation. When the reactions ofmultiple, interacting ACs are active in a region of space, they form anautocatalytic chemical ecosystem (ACE). Previous work demonstrated that, inchemostats, interactions between ACs in ACEs can be framed as analogous tothose between species in biological ecosystems. Here, we extend this frameworkto investigate the effects of surface adsorption, desorption, and diffusion onACE ecology. Simulating ACEs as particle-based stochastic reaction-diffusionsystems in spatial settings, including open, two-dimensional reaction-diffusionsystems and adsorptive mineral surfaces, we demonstrate that spatial structurecan support more coexisting ACs and expose new AC traits to selection.

ACEs in spaces: Autocatalytic Chemical Ecosystems in Spatial Settings