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This paper investigates wireless-powered cell-free systems, in which theusers send their uplink data signal while simultaneously harvesting energy fromnetwork nodes and user terminals - including the transmitting user terminalitself - by performing self-energy recycling. In this rather general setting, aclosed-form lower bound of the amount of harvested energy and the achievedsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio expressions are derived. Then, toimprove the energy efficiency, we formulate the problem of minimizing theusers' battery energy usage while satisfying minimum data rate requirements.Due to the non-convexity of the problem, a novel alternating optimizationalgorithm is proposed, and its proof of convergence is provided. Finally,numerical results show that the proposed method is more efficient than astate-of-art algorithm in terms of battery energy usage and outage rate.

Efficient Battery Usage in Wireless-Powered Cell-Free Systems with Self-Energy Recycling