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Low Earth orbit Satellite Networks (LSNs) have been advocated as a keyinfrastructure for truly global coverage in the forthcoming 6G. This paperpresents our initial measurement results and observations on the end-to-endnetwork characteristics of Starlink, arguably the largest LSN constellation todate. Our findings confirm that LSNs are a promising solution towardsubiquitous Internet coverage over the Earth; yet, we also find that the usersof Starlink experience much more dynamics in throughput and latency thanterrestrial network users, and even frequent outages. Its user experiences areheavily affected by environmental factors such as terrain, solar storms, rain,clouds, and temperature, so is the power consumption. We further analyzeStarlink's current bent-pipe relay strategy and its limits, particularly forcross-ocean routes. We have also explored its mobility and portabilitypotentials, and extended our experiments from urban cities to wild remote areasthat are facing distinct practical and cultural challenges.

Network Characteristics of LEO Satellite Constellations: A Starlink-Based Measurement from End Users