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On-chip spatial and polarization multiplexing have emerged as a powerfulstrategy to boost the bandwidth of integrated optical transceivers.State-of-the-art multiplexers require accurate control of the relative phase orthe spatial distribution among different guided optical modes, seriouslycompromising the bandwidth and performance of the devices. To overcome thislimitation, we propose a new approach based on the coupling between guidedmodes in integrated waveguides and optical beams free-propagating on the chipplane. The engineering of the evanescent coupling between the guided modes andfree-propagating beams allows spatial and polarization multiplexing withstate-of-the-art performance. To demonstrate the potential and versatility ofthis approach, we have developed a two-polarization multiplexed link and athree-mode multiplexed link using standard 220-nm-thick silicon-on-insulatortechnology. The two-polarization link shows a measured -35 dB crosstalkbandwidth of 180 nm, while the three-mode link exhibits a -20 dB crosstalkbandwidth of 195 nm. These bandwidths cover the S, C, L, and U communicationbands. We used these links to demonstrate error-free transmission(bit-error-rate < 10-9) of two and three non-return-to-zero signals at 40 Gbpseach, with power penalties below 0.08 dB and 1.5 dB for the two-polarizationand three-mode links respectively. The approach demonstrated here for twopolarizations and three modes is also applicable to future implementation ofmore complex multiplexing schemes.

Spatial and polarization division multiplexing harnessing on-chip optical beam forming