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To extract channel characteristics and conduct channel modeling inmillimeter-wave (mmWave) and Terahertz (THz) bands, accurate estimations ofmulti-path component (MPC) parameters in measured results are fundamental.However, due to high frequency and narrow antenna beams in mmWave and THzdirection-scan measurements, existing channel parameter estimation algorithmsare no longer effective. In this paper, a novel narrow-beam near-fieldspace-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (N2-SAGE) algorithm isproposed, which is derived by carefully considering the features of mmWave andTHz direction-scan measurement campaigns, such as near field propagation,narrow antenna beams as well as asynchronous measurements in different scanningdirections. The delays of MPCs are calculated using spherical wave front (SWF),which depends on delay and angles of MPCs, resulting in a high-dimensionalestimation problem. To overcome this, a novel two-phase estimation process isproposed, including a rough estimation phase and an accurate estimation phase.Moreover, considering the narrow antenna beams used for mmWave and THzdirection-scan measurements, the usage of partial information alleviatesinfluence of background noises. Additionally, the phases of MPCs in differentscanning directions are treated as random variables, which are estimated andreused during the estimation process, making the algorithm immune to possiblephase errors. Furthermore, performance of the proposed N2-SAGE algorithm isvalidated and compared with existing channel parameter estimation algorithms,based on simulations and measured data. Results show that the proposed N2-SAGEalgorithm greatly outperforms existing channel parameter estimation algorithmsin terms of estimation accuracy. By using the N2-SAGE algorithm, the channel ischaracterized more correctly and reasonably.

N2-SAGE: Narrow-beam Near-field SAGE Algorithm for Channel Parameter Estimation in mmWave and THz Direction-scan Measurements