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Investigation of millimeter (mmWave) and Terahertz (THz) channels relies onchannel measurements and estimation of multi-path component (MPC) parameters.As a common measurement technique in the mmWave and THz bands, direction-scansounding (DSS) resolves angular information and increases the measurabledistance. Through mechanical rotation, the DSS creates a virtual multi-antennasounding system, which however incurs signal phase instability and large datasizes, which are not fully considered in existing estimation algorithms andthus make them ineffective. To tackle this research gap, in this paper, aDSS-oriented space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization(DSS-o-SAGE) algorithm is proposed for channel parameter estimation in mmWaveand THz bands. To appropriately capture the measured data in mmWave and THzDSS, the phase instability is modeled by the scanning-direction-dependentsignal phases. Furthermore, based on the signal model, the DSS-o-SAGE algorithmis developed, which not only addresses the problems brought by phaseinstability, but also achieves ultra-low computational complexity by exploitingthe narrow antenna beam property of DSS. Simulations in synthetic channels areconducted to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm and explore theapplicable region of the far-field approximation in DSS-o-SAGE. Last but notleast, the proposed DSS-o-SAGE algorithm is applied in real measurements in anindoor corridor scenario at 300~GHz. Compared with results using the baselinenoise-elimination method, the channel is characterized more correctly andreasonably based on the DSS-o-SAGE.

DSS-o-SAGE: Direction-Scan Sounding-Oriented SAGE Algorithm for Channel Parameter Estimation in mmWave and THz Bands