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Scholarly text is often laden with jargon, or specialized language that canfacilitate efficient in-group communication within fields but hinderunderstanding for out-groups. In this work, we develop and validate aninterpretable approach for measuring scholarly jargon from text. Expanding thescope of prior work which focuses on word types, we use word sense induction toalso identify words that are widespread but overloaded with different meaningsacross fields. We then estimate the prevalence of these discipline-specificwords and senses across hundreds of subfields, and show that word sensesprovide a complementary, yet unique view of jargon alongside word types. Wedemonstrate the utility of our metrics for science of science and computationalsociolinguistics by highlighting two key social implications. First, thoughmost fields reduce their use of jargon when writing for general-purpose venues,and some fields (e.g., biological sciences) do so less than others. Second, thedirection of correlation between jargon and citation rates varies among fields,but jargon is nearly always negatively correlated with interdisciplinaryimpact. Broadly, our findings suggest that though multidisciplinary venuesintend to cater to more general audiences, some fields' writing norms may actas barriers rather than bridges, and thus impede the dispersion of scholarlyideas.

Words as Gatekeepers: Measuring Discipline-specific Terms and Meanings in Scholarly Publications