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In wideband sub-Terahertz (sub-THz) massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) communication systems, the beam squint effect manifests as a substantialdegradation in array gain. To mitigate the aforementioned beam squint effect, ahybrid precoding approach leveraging both true-time delay (TTD) and phaseshifters (PS) has been proposed. However, existing methods operate under theassumption that the TTD device can generate any desired time delay value. Thesemethods subsequently design the TTD precoder while fixing the PS precoder. Thiswork presents a novel optimization framework for the joint TTD and PS precoderdesign, incorporating realistic time delay constraints for each TTD device.Unlike previous methods, our framework does not rely on the unbounded timedelay assumption and optimizes the TTD and PS values jointly to cope with thepractical limitations. Furthermore, within the context of our proposedframework, we mathematically determine the minimum number of TTD devicesnecessitated to achieve a predetermined target array gain. Simulations confirmthe proposed approach exhibits performance improvement, guarantees array gain,and achieves computational efficiency.

Joint Delay-Phase Precoding Under True-Time Delay Constraints in Wideband Sub-THz Hybrid Massive MIMO Systems