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We study the environmental effect of galaxy evolution as a function of theunderlying 3D dark matter density for the first time at $z=2-2.5$, in which theunderlying matter density is reconstructed from observed galaxies throughdynamical forward modeling techniques. Utilizing this map, we investigate thedependence of the star formation activities and galaxy types (mergers,submillimeter galaxies, active galactic nuclei, and quiescent galaxies) on thematter overdensity $\Delta_\text{local}$ and stellar mass. For the first time,we are able to probe underdense regions ($\Delta_\text{local}<1$) in additionto overdensities. We find that star formation activity generally depends on thestellar mass, not the matter density. We also find evidence that: (1) anabsence of mergers and submillimeter galaxies in higher-density regions butotherwise no trend across lower-density bins, (2) the increase of activegalactic nuclei and quiescent galaxy prevalence as a function of matterdensity, and (3) the increase of all aforementioned categories with the stellarmass. These results indicate that stellar mass is the main driver of galaxyevolution at the cosmic noon. Our novel approach directly using reconstructeddark matter density maps demonstrates the new capability of the environmentaleffect studies in galaxy evolution at higher redshift.

The Dependence of Galaxy Properties on the Underlying 3D Matter Density Field at 2.0 < z < 2.5