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The terahertz (THz) frequency band has recently attracted considerableattention in wireless communications as potential candidate for providing thenecessary high bandwidth for demanding applications. With increasing frequency,however, the communication link becomes more vulnerable to blockage andpathloss increases. While both effects can be mitigated with the judiciousutilization of directional beams and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RISs), high directivity could potentially increase the probability ofundesired misalignment between the beam that is steered by the RIS, and theuser. It is therefore crucial to characterize and understand the stochasticbehavior of misalignment in RIS-aided THz links. In this work, beammisalignment in RIS-aided links is studied theoretically and analytical modelsare derived, the validity of which is verified through numerical calculations.It is demonstrated that there is a distinction in the stochastic behavior ofmisalignment between pointing errors that occur on the steering plane ornormally to the steering plane, with direct consequences on the link robustnesson misalignment. The analytical models capture the impact of misalignment underthese qualitatively different conditions and provide the necessary tools forassessing the stochastic RIS performance with respect to crucial linkparameters, such as the transmitter's beam width, the transmitter-RIS distance,the RIS-receiver distance, and the steering angle of the RIS.

Analytical characterization of RIS-aided terahertz links in the presence of beam misalignment