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Purpose: Scholars often aim to conduct high quality research and theirsuccess is judged primarily by peer reviewers. Research quality is difficultfor either group to identify, however, and misunderstandings can reduce theefficiency of the scientific enterprise. In response, we use a novel termassociation strategy to seek quantitative evidence of aspects of research thatassociate with high or low quality. Design/methodology/approach: We extractedthe words and 2-5-word phrases most strongly associating with different qualityscores in each of 34 Units of Assessment (UoAs) in the Research ExcellenceFramework (REF) 2021. We extracted the terms from 122,331 journal articles2014-2020 with individual REF2021 quality scores. Findings: The termsassociating with high- or low-quality scores vary between fields but relate towriting styles, methods, and topics. We show that the first-person writingstyle strongly associates with higher quality research in many areas because itis the norm for a set of large prestigious journals. We found methods andtopics that associate with both high- and low-quality scores. Worryingly, termsassociating with educational and qualitative research attract lower qualityscores in multiple areas. REF experts may rarely give high scores toqualitative or educational research because the authors tend to be lesscompetent, because it is harder to make world leading research with thesethemes, or because they do not value them. Originality: This is the firstinvestigation of journal article terms associating with research quality.

Terms in journal articles associating with high quality: Can qualitative research be world-leading?