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The production of a top quark-antiquark pair in association with a W boson ismeasured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Thedata recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC correspond to an integratedluminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. Events with two or three leptons (electrons andmuons) and additional jets are selected. In events with two leptons, amulticlass neural network is used to distinguish between events from the signaland background processes. Events with three leptons are categorised based onthe number of jets, number of b-tagged jets, and the lepton charges. Aninclusive production cross section of $868 \pm 40 \, \text{(stat)}\pm 51 \,\text{(syst) fb}$ is measured. The cross sections of top quark-antiquark pairproduction with a W$^+$ and a W$^-$ boson are measured as $553 \pm 30 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 30 \, \text{(syst) fb}$ and $343 \pm 26 \, \text{(stat)} \pm25 \, \text{(syst) fb}$, respectively, and thecorresponding ratio of the twocross sections is found to be $1.61 \pm 0.15 \, \text{(stat)}^{+0.07}_{-0.05}\, \text{(syst)}$. The results are in agreement with the standard modelpredictions within two standard deviations, and represent the most precisemeasurements of this production process to date.

Measurement of the cross section of top quark-antiquark pair production  in association with a W boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$  TeV