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As a key pillar technology for the future 6G networks, terahertz (THz)communication can provide high-capacity transmissions, but suffers from severepropagation loss and line-of-sight (LoS) blockage that limits the networkcoverage. Narrow beams are required to compensate for the loss, but they inturn bring in beam misalignment challenge that degrades the THz networkperformance. The high sensing accuracy of THz signals enables integratedsensing and communication (ISAC) technology to assist the LoS blockage and usermobility-induced beam misalignment, enhancing THz network coverage. In linewith the 5G beam management, we propose a joint synchronization signal block(SSB) and reference signal (RS)-based sensing (JSRS) scheme to predict the needfor beam switches, and thus prevent beam misalignment. We further design anoptimal sensing signal pattern that minimizes beam misalignment with fixedsensing resources, which reveals design insights into the time-to-frequencyallocation. We derive expressions for the coverage probability and spatialthroughput, which provide instructions on the ISAC-THz network deployment andfurther enable evaluations for the sensing benefit in THz networks. Numericalresults show that the JSRS scheme is effective and highly compatible with the5G air interface. Averaged in tested urban use cases, JSRS achieves near-idealperformance and reduces around 80% of beam misalignment, and enhances thecoverage probability by about 75%, compared to the network with 5G-requiredpositioning ability.

ISAC-Enabled Beam Alignment for Terahertz Networks: Scheme Design and Coverage Analysis