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The theory of the strong force, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) remains one ofthe most important ways to understand the fundamental properties of ordinarymatter. However, at low momentum transfer Q2, in the regime where the strongforce becomes extremely strong, our understanding of QCD for ordinary nucleonsbecomes hazy. Several cutting edge theories such as Chiral Perturbation Theoryand Lattice QCD have provided valuable predictions in this regime, but LatticeQCD has not yet extended predictions of many important quantities to thiskinematic region, and Chiral Perturbation Theory has faced several importantdisagreements with experimental data for the neutron over the last severaldecades. It is therefore of extreme importance to have a benchmark ofexperimental data in the low energy regime for the proton's behavior, as a testof leading theories for the behavior of QCD in this regime. The E08-027 (g2p)experiment ran at Jefferson Lab in 2012 with the goal of collecting thisvaluable data. Full details of the g2p experiment and my experimental work atthe University of New Hampshire are presented in this thesis, as well as adetailed description of the analysis process and the exciting benchmarkresults, which serve as a direct test of all current and future theories of QCDin the low-Q2 regime.

A Strong-QCD Regime Measurement of the Proton's Spin Structure