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Purpose: This work aims to develop a novel distortion-free 3D-EPI acquisitionand image reconstruction technique for fast and robust, high-resolution,whole-brain imaging as well as quantitative T2* mapping. Methods: 3D-Blip-Upand -Down Acquisition (3D-BUDA) sequence is designed for both single- andmulti-echo 3D GRE-EPI imaging using multiple shots with blip-up and -downreadouts to encode B0 field map information. Complementary k-space coverage isachieved using controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI) sampling acrossthe shots. For image reconstruction, an iterative hard-thresholding algorithmis employed to minimize the cost function that combines field map informationinformed parallel imaging with the structured low-rank constraint formulti-shot 3D-BUDA data. Extending 3D-BUDA to multi-echo imaging permits T2*mapping. For this, we propose constructing a joint Hankel matrix along bothecho and shot dimensions to improve the reconstruction. Results: Experimentalresults on in vivo multi-echo data demonstrate that, by performing jointreconstruction along with both echo and shot dimensions, reconstructionaccuracy is improved compared to standard 3D-BUDA reconstruction. CAIPIsampling is further shown to enhance the image quality. For T2* mapping, T2*values from 3D-Joint-CAIPI-BUDA and reference multi-echo GRE are within limitsof agreement as quantified by Bland-Altman analysis. Conclusions: The proposedtechnique enables rapid 3D distortion-free high-resolution imaging and T2*mapping. Specifically, 3D-BUDA enables 1-mm isotropic whole-brain imaging in 22s at 3 T and 9 s on a 7 T scanner. The combination of multi-echo 3D-BUDA withCAIPI acquisition and joint reconstruction enables distortion-free whole-brainT2* mapping in 47 s at 1.1x1.1x1.0 mm3 resolution.

3D-EPI Blip-Up/Down Acquisition (BUDA) with CAIPI and Joint Hankel  Structured Low-Rank Reconstruction for Rapid Distortion-Free High-Resolution  T2* Mapping