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Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are mysterious bright millisecond-duration radiobursts at cosmological distances. While young magnetars have been put forwardas the leading source candidate, recent observations suggest there may bemultiple FRB progenitor classes. It has long been theorised that FRBs could beemitted from compact object mergers - cataclysmic events such as binary neutronstar (BNS) mergers that may be detectable in gravitational waves (GWs) by theground-based Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO)andVirgo. Here we report a potential coincidence between the only BNS merger eventGW190425 out of 21 GW sources detected during the first six months ofLIGO-Virgo's 3rd Science Run and a bright, non-repeating FRB event, FRB20190425A, from a search using public GW and CHIME FRB data. The FRB is locatedwithin the GW's sky localization area, occurred 2.5 hours after the GW event,and has a dispersion measure consistent with the distance inferred from GWparameter estimation. The chance probability of a coincidence between unrelatedFRB and GW events in the databases is estimated to be 0.0052 ($2.8 \sigma$). Weestimate the chance of CHIME detecting such an event to range from 0.4% for abeam-centre detection to 68% if a bright burst is detectable in a far sidelobe.This potential association is consistent with the theory that the BNS mergerleaves behind a supramassive, highly magnetized compact object, which collapsesto form a black hole after losing angular momentum due to spindown and makes anFRB through ejecting the magnetosphere. If such a physical association isestablished, the equation of state of the post-merger compact object is likelystiff, with a Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff non-spinning maximum mass $M_{TOV} >2.63_{-0.23}^{+0.39} M_\odot$ for a neutron star remnant, or $M_{TOV} >2.31_{-0.08}^{+0.24} M_\odot$ for a quark star remnant.

An assessment of the Association Between a Fast Radio Burst and Binary Neutron Star Merger