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Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can exhibit a range of spectacular phenomenasuch as the Klein-tunneling-induced quasibound states1-6 and Berry-phase-tunedenergy spectra7-15. According to previous studies, all these interestingquantum phenomena seem to be well understood in the free electron picture1-15.However, electronic motion in the GQDs is reduced to quantized orbits byquantum confinement, which implies that the kinetic energy may be comparable toor even smaller than the Coulomb energy of the quasiparticles, possiblyresulting in exotic correlated phases in the GQDs. Here we present a scanningtunneling microscopy and spectroscopy study of gate-tunable GQDs ingraphene/WSe2 heterostructure devices and report for the first time theobservation of electron-electron interaction and correlation-inducedspin-charge separation in the GQDs. Gating allows us to precise characterizeeffects of the electron-electron interaction on the energy spectra of the GQDs.By measuring density of states as a function of energy and position, weexplicitly uncover two density waves with different velocities in the GQDs,attributing to spin-charge separation in real space.

Experimental evidence for electron-electron interaction and spin-charge separation in graphene quantum dots