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Public sector is a large consumer of ICT systems and services, used forvarious public services. Tendering for such systems is governed by laws aimedat eliminating unfair advantages and offering all possible parties equalopportunities to participate in the tendering process. In this article, westudy in-house rpocurement, where the acquiring organization is an owner of thesubcontractor that delivers the system or the service. Municipalities' purchaseinvoice data is used to determine how much municipalities in Finland depend onin-house procurement. In conclusion, the understanding if includedmunicipalities have ICT service and development units within the organizationsneeds closer examination, as in-house companies may offer municipalities withlimited resources divided costs in the public procurement process.

The Role of In-House Procurement According to Finnish Municipalities' Purchase Invoice Data