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The aim of this paper is to characterize the impact of non-orthogonalmultiple access (NOMA) on the age of information (AoI) of grant-freetransmission. In particular, a low-complexity form of NOMA, termedNOMA-assisted random access, is applied to grant-free transmission in order toillustrate the two benefits of NOMA for AoI reduction, namely increasingchannel access and reducing user collisions. Closed-form analytical expressionsfor the AoI achieved by NOMA assisted grant-free transmission are obtained, andasymptotic studies are carried out to demonstrate that the use of the simplestform of NOMA is already sufficient to reduce the AoI of orthogonal multipleaccess (OMA) by more than 40%. In addition, the developed analyticalexpressions are also shown to be useful for optimizing the users' transmissionattempt probabilities, which are key parameters for grant-free transmission.

Impact of NOMA on Age of Information: A Grant-Free Transmission Perspective