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Hypersonic flow around a vehicle in near space flight is associated withmultiscale non-equilibrium physics at a large variation of local Knudsen numberfrom the leading edge highly compressible flow to the trailing edge particlefree transport. To accurately capture the solution in all flow regimes from thecontinuum Navier-Stokes solution to the rarefied gas dynamics in a singlecomputation requires genuinely multiscale method. The unified gas-kineticwave-particle (UGKWP) method targets on the simulation of such a multicaletransport. Due to the wave-particle decomposition, the dynamics in theNavier-Stokes wave and kinetic particle transport has been unifiedsystematically and efficiently under the unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS)framework. In this study, the UGKWP method with the non-equilibrium amongtranslation, rotation and vibration modes, is developed based on a multipletemperature relaxation model. The real gas effect for high speed flow indifferent flow regimes has been properly captured. Numerical tests, includingSod tube, normal shock structure, hypersonic flow around two-dimensionalcylinder and three-dimensional flow around a sphere and space vehicle, havebeen conducted to validate the UGKWP method. In comparison with the discretevelocity method (DVM)-based Boltzmann solver and particle-based directsimulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, the UGKWP method shows remarkableadvantages in terms of computational efficiency, memory reduction, andautomatic recovering of multiscale solution.

Unified gas-kinetic wave-particle methods VII: diatomic gas with rotational and vibrational nonequilibrium