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A multiple-input multiple-output wireless communication system isanalytically studied, which operates with the aid of a large-scalereconfigurable intelligent surface (LRIS). LRIS is equipped with multiplepassive elements with discrete phase adjustment capabilities, and independentRician fading conditions are assumed for both the transmitter-to-LRIS andLRIS-to-receiver links. A direct transceiver link is also considered which ismodeled by Rayleigh fading distribution. The system performance is analyticallystudied when the linear yet efficient zero-forcing detection is implemented atthe receiver. In particular, the outage performance is derived in closed-formexpression for different system configuration setups with regards to theavailable channel state information (CSI) at the receiver. In fact, the case ofboth perfect and imperfect CSI is analyzed. Also, an efficient phase shiftdesign approach at LRIS is introduced, which is linear on the number of passiveelements and receive antennas. The proposed phase shift design can be appliedon two different modes of operation; namely, when the system strives to adapteither on the instantaneous or statistical CSI. Finally, some impactfulengineering insights are provided, such as how the channel fading conditions,CSI, discrete phase shift resolution, and volume of antenna/LRIS element arraysimpact on the overall system performance.

Zero Forcing Uplink Detection through Large-Scale RIS: System Performance and Phase Shift Design