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Time-dependent scalar fields provide a candidate explanation for the darkenergy. For these to vary on cosmological time scales, the derivative of thescalar potential in Planck units should have roughly the same magnitude as thepotential itself. We emphasize that scalars with this property are present inany four-dimensional gravitational effective theory with a known UV completionvia holography, provided that the dual CFT has scalar operators with dimensionsof order one. Cosmological solutions without time-dependent scalars areanalogous to solutions dual to the vacuum states of such CFTs while solutionswith time-dependent scalars are analogous to solutions dual to the vacuum stateof quantum field theories with RG flow where these CFTs provide the UV or IRfixed point. If time-dependent scalars do explain the dark energy, thegravitational effective theory describing our universe could be a $\Lambda < 0$model associated to a holographic CFT.

Cosmology without time-dependent scalars is like quantum field theory without RG flow