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Visualizing elastic waves by noninvasive imaging has been useful foranalyzing the mechanical properties of materials and tissues. However, themaximum wave frequency of elastography has been limited to ~10 kHz due to thefinite sensitivity to small vibration and finite imaging speed. Here, wepresent an optical coherence elastography technique that extends the frequencyrange to MHz by noise reduction, anti-aliasing demodulation, and advanced waveanalysis. Our system can measure the stiffness of hard (GPa) materialsincluding bones with mm-scale resolution and characterize soft, viscoelasticmaterials from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. The dispersion of Rayleigh surface waves overthe wide frequency range allowed us to profile depth-dependent shear modulus(10 kPa to 100 MPa) in cartilages ex vivo and the human skin in vivo. Thistechnique opened a new window for the characterization of materials in situwith 3-dimensional resolution.

Ultra-wideband optical coherence elastography from acoustic to ultrasonic frequencies