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The increasing popularity of Internet of Everything and small-cell deviceshas enormously accelerated traffic loads. Consequently, increased bandwidth andhigh data rate requirements stimulate the operation at the millimeter wave andthe Tera-Hertz spectrum bands in the fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G)wireless networks. Furthermore, efficient spectrum allocation, maximizing thespectrum utilization, achieving efficient spectrum sharing (SS), and managingthe spectrum to enhance the system performance remain challenging. To this end,recent studies have implemented artificial intelligence and machine learningtechniques, enabling intelligent and efficient spectrum leveraging. However,despite many recent research advances focused on maximizing utilization of thespectrum bands, achieving efficient sharing, allocation, and management of theenormous available spectrum remains challenging. Therefore, the current articleacquaints a comprehensive survey on intelligent SS methodologies for 5G and B5Gwireless networks, considering the applications of artificial intelligence forefficient SS. Specifically, a thorough overview of SS methodologies isconferred, following which the various spectrum utilization opportunitiesarising from the existing SS methodologies in intelligent wireless networks arediscussed. Subsequently, to highlight critical limitations of the existingmethodologies, recent literature on existing SS methodologies is reviewed indetail, classifying them based on the implemented technology, i.e., cognitiveradio, machine learning, blockchain, and multiple other techniques. Moreover,the related SS techniques are reviewed to highlight significant challenges inthe B5G intelligent wireless network. Finally, to provide an insight into theprospective research avenues, the article is concluded by presenting severalpotential research directions and proposed solutions.

A Comprehensive Survey on Spectrum Sharing Techniques for 5G/B5G  Intelligent Wireless Networks: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Research  Directions