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Controlling the magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic materials plays a keyrole in magnetic switching devices and spintronic applications. Examples ofspin-orbit torque devices with different magnetic anisotropy geometries(in-plane or out-of-plane directions) have been demonstrated with novelmagnetization switching mechanisms for extended device functionalities.Normally, the intrinsic magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic materials isunchanged within a fixed direction, and thus, it is difficult to realizemultifunctionality devices. Therefore, continuous modulation of magneticanisotropy in ferromagnetic materials is highly desired but remainschallenging. Here, we demonstrate a gate-tunable magnetic anisotropy transitionfrom out-of-plane to canted and finally to in-plane in layered Fe$_5$GeTe$_2$by combining the measurements of the angle-dependent anomalous Hall effect andmagneto-optical Kerr effect with quantitative Stoner-Wohlfarth analysis. Themagnetic easy axis continuously rotates in a spin-flop pathway by gating ortemperature modulation. Such observations offer a new avenue for exploringmagnetization switching mechanisms and realizing new spintronicfunctionalities.

Continuous Electrical Manipulation of Magnetic Anisotropy and Spin Flopping in van der Waals Ferromagnetic Devices