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This research explores the dynamics of the emergency evacuation during the"Running of the Bulls" festival (Spain, 2013). As people run to escape fromdanger, many pedestrians stumble and fall down, while others will try to passover them. We carefully examined three specific recordings of the running, thatshow this kind of behavior. We developed a microscopic model mimicking thestumbling mechanism in the context of the Social Force Model (SFM). In ourmodel, "moving" individuals can suddenly switch to a "fallen" state when theyare in the vicinity of a fallen individual. We arrived to the conclusion thatthe presence of a fallen pedestrian increases dramatically the fallingprobability of the pedestrians nearby. Also, the product between the localdensity gradient and the velocity of each pedestrian appears as a relevantindicator for an imminent fall. We call this the pedestrian "fallingsusceptibility (f_s)".

Microscopic dynamics at the Running of the Bulls (San Fermin Festival) in the context of the Social Force Model