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Elucidating the atomic structure of liquid and glass is one of the importantopen questions in condensed matter physics. In the conventional bottom-upapproach one starts with focusing on an atom and the short-range order of itsneighboring atoms, and the global structure is described in terms ofoverlapping local clusters of atoms as building units. However, this localapproach fails to explain the strong drive to form the medium-range order whichis distinct in nature from the short-range order. We propose an even-handedscheme with an additional top-down approach. In the top-down approach onestarts with a high-density gas state and seeks to minimize the global potentialenergy through density waves. The local bottom-up and global top-down drivingforces are not compatible, and the competition and compromise between themresult in a final structure with the medium-range order. The density waves arepinned to atoms through the phase factors and amplitudes which reflect atomicdynamics. This even-handed approach provides a more intuitive explanation ofthe structure of simple liquid and glass and its relation to properties ofliquid, such as viscosity and fragility.

Medium-Range Atomic Correlation in Simple Liquids. III. Density Wave Theory