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In the world of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials, the plasma is unique forits natural ENZ properties at the plasma frequency (wp). However, for the airplasma during femtosecond laser filamentation with wp in terahertz (THz) band,which is also known as a broadband THz emitter, the possible ENZ effect haslong been neglected. In this work, interactions between the laser plasma in airand the radiated THz waves were investigated, and the THz resonance absorptionat the ENZ point, which gave rise to the generation of surface plasmon waves,has been theoretically and experimentally demonstrated for the first time, tothe best of our knowledge. Specifically, this ENZ effect was accompanied withTHz modulations along the plasma filament in multiple domains, including thelinear-to-elliptical THz polarization conversion and the multi-ring pattern offar-field THz profiles, etc. Thanks to these novel ENZ-induced phenomena, theunderstanding of this important plasma-based THz source has been enriched.Moreover, by extending the laser plasma to the role of ENZ material, it ispromising to expedite related applications benefiting from the ENZ nature,e.g., the strong spatial confinement of THz waves inside the ENZ region betweenthe bi-filaments array, which realized all-optical time-domain integration ofbroadband THz pulses as we recently displayed in [arXiv].

Observation of the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) effect inside the laser plasma in air