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Purpose: Volumetric, high-resolution, quantitative mapping of brain tissuerelaxation properties is hindered by long acquisition times and signal-to-noise(SNR) challenges. This study, for the first time, combines the time-efficientwave-CAIPI readouts into the 3D-quantification using an interleaved Look-Lockeracquisition sequence with a T2 preparation pulse (3D-QALAS) acquisition scheme,enabling full brain quantitative T1, T2 and proton density (PD) maps at 1.15mm3 isotropic voxels in only 3 minutes. Methods: Wave-CAIPI readouts wereembedded in the standard 3D-QALAS encoding scheme, enabling full brainquantitative parameter maps (T1, T2, and PD) at acceleration factors of R=3x2with minimum SNR loss due to g-factor penalties. The quantitative parametermaps were estimated using a dictionary-based mapping algorithm incorporatinginversion efficiency and B1 field inhomogeneity. The quantitative maps usingthe accelerated protocol were quantitatively compared against those obtainedfrom conventional 3D-QALAS sequence using GRAPPA acceleration of R=2 in theISMRM NIST phantom, and ten healthy volunteers. Results: When tested in boththe ISMRM/NIST phantom and ten healthy volunteers, the quantitative maps usingthe accelerated protocol showed excellent agreement against those obtained fromconventional 3D-QALAS at RGRAPPA=2. Conclusion: 3D-QALAS enhanced withwave-CAIPI readouts enables time-efficient, full brain quantitative T1, T2, andPD mapping at 1.15 mm3 in 3 minutes at R=3x2 acceleration. When tested on theNIST phantom and ten healthy volunteers, the quantitative maps obtained fromthe accelerated wave-CAIPI 3D-QALAS protocol showed very similar values tothose obtained from the standard 3D-QALAS (R=2) protocol, alluding to therobustness and reliability of the proposed methods.

Time-efficient, High Resolution 3T Whole Brain Quantitative Relaxometry using 3D-QALAS with Wave-CAIPI Readouts