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In this paper, we consider a prospective receiving hybrid beamformingstructure consisting of several radio frequency (RF) chains and abundantantenna elements in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. Due toconventional costly full connections, we design an enhanced partially connectedbeamformer employing a low-density parity-check (LDPC)-based structure. As abenefit of the LDPC-based structure, information can be exchanged amongclustered RF/antenna groups, which results in a low computational complexityorder. Advanced message passing (MP) capable of inferring and transferringinformation among different paths is designed to support the LDPC-based hybridbeamformer. We propose a message-passing enhanced antenna and RF chainselection (MARS) scheme for minimizing the operational power of antennas and RFchains of the receiver. Furthermore, sequential and parallel MP schemes forMARS are designed, namely, MARS-S and MARS-P, respectively, to address theconvergence speed issue. Simulations validate the convergence of both theMARS-P and the MARS-S algorithms. Due to the asynchronous information transferof MARS-P, it requires higher power than MARS-S, which strikes a compellingbalance among power consumption, convergence, and computational complexity. Itis also demonstrated that the proposed MARS scheme outperforms the existingbenchmarks using the heuristic method of fully/partially connectedarchitectures in the open literature by requiring the lowest power andrealizing the highest energy efficiency.

MARS: Message Passing for Antenna and RF Chain Selection for Hybrid Beamforming in MIMO Communication Systems