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The branched-chain amino acids: leucine, isoleucine and valine occupy aspecial place among the essential amino acids because of their importance notonly in the structure of proteins but also in general and cerebral metabolism.Among the first amino acids absorbed after food intake, they play a major rolein the regulation of protein synthesis and insulin secretion. They are involvedin the modulation of brain uptake of monoamine precursors with which they maycompete for occupancy of a common transporter. In the brain, branched-chainamino acids are involved not only in protein synthesis but also in themetabolic cycles of GABA and Glutamate, and in energy metabolism. Inparticular, they can affect GABAergic neurons and the excitation/inhibitionbalance. Branched-chain amino acids are known for the 24-hour rhythmicity oftheir plasma concentrations, which is remarkably conserved in rodent models.This rhythmicity is partly circadian, independent of sleep and food. Moreover,their concentration increases when sleep is disturbed and in obesity anddiabetes. The mechanisms regulating these rhythms and their physiologicalimpact remain poorly understood. In this context, the Drosophila model has notyet been widely used, but it is highly relevant and the first results indicatethat it can generate new concepts. The elucidation of the metabolism and fluxesof branched-chain amino acids is beginning to shed light on the mysteriousconnections between clock, sleep, and metabolism, opening the possibility ofnew therapies.

Branched chain amino acids, an ''essential'' link between diet, clock and sleep?