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The current conceptual model of mineral dissolution in porous media iscomprised of three dissolution patterns (wormhole, compact, and uniform) - orregimes - that develop depending on the relative dominance of flow, diffusion,and reaction rate. Here, we examine the evolution of pore structure during acidinjection using numerical simulations on two porous media structures ofincreasing complexity. We examine the boundaries between regimes andcharacterise the existence of a fourth regime called channeling, where alreadyexisting fast flow pathways are preferentially widened by dissolution.Channeling occurs in cases where the distribution in pore throat size resultsin orders of magnitude differences in flow rate for different flow pathways.This focusing of dissolution along only dominant flow paths induces animmediate, large change in permeability with a comparatively small change inporosity, resulting in a porosity-permeability relationship unlike any that hasbeen previously seen. This work demonstrates that our current conceptual modelof dissolution regimes must be modified to include channeling for accuratepredictions of dissolution in applications such as geologic carbon storage andgeothermal energy production.

Channeling: a new class of dissolution in complex porous media