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When a laser cavity supports the propagation of several ultrashort pulses,these pulses interact and can form compact bound states called solitonmolecules. Soliton molecules are fascinating objects of nonlinear science,which present striking analogies with their matter molecules counterparts. Thesoliton pair, composed of two identical pulses, constitutes the chief solitonmolecule of fundamental interest. The relative timing and phase between the twopropagating pulses are the most salient internal degrees of freedom of thesoliton molecule. These two internal degrees of freedom allow self-oscillatingsoliton molecules, which have indeed been repeatedly observed, whereas thelowdimensional chaotic dynamics of a soliton-pair molecule remains elusive,noting that it would require at least three degrees of freedom. We here reportthe observation of chaotic soliton-pair molecules within an ultrafast fiberlaser, by means of a direct measurement of the relative optical pulseseparation with sub-femtosecond precision in real time. Moreover, wedemonstrate an all-optical control of the chaotic dynamics followed by thesoliton molecule, by injecting a modulated optical signal that resynchronizesthe internal periodic vibration of soliton molecule.

Chaotic internal dynamics of dissipative optical soliton molecules