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The contamination impact and the migration of the contaminant into thesurrounding environment due to the presence of a spilled oil pipeline willcause significant damage to the natural ecosystem. For this reason, it isdecisive to develop a rapid response strategy that might include accuratepredictions of oil migration trajectories from numerical simulation modeling.In this paper, a three-dimensional model based on a high-resolutionshock-capturing conservative method to resolve the nonlinear governing partialdifferential equations of the migration of a spilled light nonaqueous liquidoil contaminant in a variably saturated zone is employed to investigate themigration of the oil pipeline leakage with great accuracy. The effects on theoil type density, gasoline and diesel oil, the unsaturated zone depth, itssaturation, the hydraulic gradient, and the pressure oil pipeline areinvestigated through the temporal evolution of the contaminant migrationfollowing the saturation profiles of the three-phase fluids flow in thevariably saturated zone. The calculation results indicate that the leakingoil's pressure is the parameter that significantly affects the contaminants'arrival time to the groundwater table. Also, the water saturation of theunsaturated zone influences the arrival time as the water saturation increasesfor a fixed depth. The unsaturated zone depth significantly influences thecontaminant migration unsaturated zone. At the same time, the oil density andthe hydraulic gradient have limited effects on the contaminant migration in thevariably saturated zone.

How to minimize the environmental contamination caused by hydrocarbon  releases by onshore pipelines: The key role of a three-dimensional  three-phase fluid flow numerical model