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Energy scenarios and transition pathways need estimates of technical windenergy potentials. However, the standard policy-side approach uses observedwind speeds, thereby neglecting the effects of kinetic energy (KE) removal bythe wind turbines that depletes the regional wind resource, lowers wind speeds,and reduces capacity factors. The standard approach therefore significantlyoverestimates the wind resource potential relative to estimates using numericalmodels of the atmosphere with interactive wind farm parameterizations. Here, wetest the extent to which these effects of KE removal can be accounted for byour KE Budget of the Atmosphere (KEBA) approach over Kansas in the central US,a region with a high wind energy resource. We find that KEBA reproduces thesimulated estimates within 10 - 11%, which are 30 - 50% lower than estimatesusing the standard approach. We also evaluate important differences in thedepletion of the wind resource between daytime and nighttime conditions, whichare due to effects of stability. Our results indicate that the KEBA approach isa simple yet adequate approach to evaluating regional-scale wind resourcepotentials, and that resource depletion effects need to be accounted for atsuch scales in policy applications.

Estimating the technical wind energy potential of Kansas that incorporates the atmospheric response for policy applications