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This paper studies a multi-antenna network integrated sensing andcommunication (ISAC) system, in which a set of multi-antenna base stations(BSs) employ the coordinated transmit beamforming to serve their respectivelyassociated single-antenna communication users (CUs), and at the same time reusethe reflected information signals to perform joint target detection. Inparticular, we consider two target detection scenarios depending on the timesynchronization among BSs. In Scenario \uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral1},these BSs are synchronized and can exploit the target-reflected signals overboth the direct links (from each BS to target to itself) and the cross links(from each BS to target to other BSs) for joint detection. In Scenario\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral2}, these BSs are not synchronized and canonly utilize target-reflected signals over the direct links for jointdetection. For each scenario, we derive the detection probability under aspecific false alarm probability at any given target location. Based on thederivation, we optimize the coordinated transmit beamforming at the BSs tomaximize the minimum detection probability over a particular target area, whileensuring the minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraintsat the CUs, subject to the maximum transmit power constraints at the BSs. Weuse the semi-definite relaxation (SDR) technique to obtain highly-qualitysolutions to the formulated problems. Numerical results show that for eachscenario, the proposed design achieves higher detection probability than thebenchmark scheme based on communication design. It is also shown that the timesynchronization among BSs is beneficial in enhancing the detection performanceas more reflected signal paths are exploited.

Coordinated Transmit Beamforming for Multi-antenna Network Integrated Sensing and Communication