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The rigorous diagnostics of experiments with warm dense matter (WDM) isnotoriously difficult. A key method is given by X-ray Thomson scattering(XRTS), but the interpretation of XRTS measurements is usually based ontheoretical models that entail various approximations. Recently, Dornheim etal. [arXiv:2206.12805] have introduced a new framework for temperaturediagnostics of XRTS experiments that is based on imaginary-time correlationfunctions (ITCF). On the one hand, switching from the frequency- to theimaginary-time domain gives one direct access to a number of physicalproperties, which facilitates the extraction of the temperature of arbitrarilycomplex materials without any models or approximations. On the other hand, thebulk of theoretical works in dynamic quantum many-body theory is devoted to thefrequency-domain, and, to our knowledge, the manifestation of physicsproperties within the ITCF remains poorly understood. In the present work, weaim to change this unsatisfactory situation by introducing a simple,semi-analytical model for the imaginary-time dependence of two-bodycorrelations within the framework of imaginary-time path integrals. As apractical example, we compare our new model to extensive ab initio pathintegral Monte Carlo results for the ITCF of a uniform electron gas, and findexcellent agreement over a broad range of wave numbers, densities, andtemperatures.

Analyzing X-ray Thomson scattering experiments of warm dense matter in the imaginary-time domain: theoretical models and simulations