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Frequency-domain Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is potentially amenable toefficient processing of full-azimuth long-offset stationary-recording seabedacquisition carried out with sparse layout of ocean bottom nodes (OBNs) andbroadband sources because the inversion can be performed with a few discretefrequencies. However, computing efficiently the solution of the forward(boundary-value) problem in the frequency domain with linear algebra solversremains a challenge for large computational domains involving tens to hundredsof millions of parameters. We illustrate the feasibility of 3D frequency-domainFWI with the 2015/16 Gorgon OBN case study in the NorthWestern shelf,Australia. We solve the forward problem with the massively-parallelmultifrontal direct solver MUMPS, which includes four key features to reachhigh computational efficiency: An efficient parallelism combiningmessage-passing interface and multithreading, block low-rank compression, mixedprecision arithmetic and efficient processing of sparse sources. The Gorgonsubdataset involves 650 OBNs that are processed as reciprocal sources and400,000 sources. Mono-parameter FWI for vertical wavespeed is performed in thevisco-acoustic VTI approximation with a classical frequency continuationapproach proceeding from a starting frequency of 1.7 Hz to a final frequency of13 Hz. The target covers an area ranging from 260 km2 (frequency > 8.5 Hz) to705 km2 (frequency < 8.5 Hz) for a maximum depth of 8 km. Compared to thestarting model, FWI dramatically improves the reconstruction of the boundingfaults of the Gorgon horst at reservoir depths as well as several intra-horstfaults and several horizons of the Mungaroo formation down to a depth of 7 km.

Does 3D frequency-domain FWI of full-azimuth/long-offset OBN data feasible? The Gorgon case study