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The thesis addresses the problem of scalability in decentralized blockchainsin the context of the trade-off between transaction throughput and hardwarerequirements to participate in the network. Rollups are presented, that istechnologies to verify on-chain blocks executed off-chain by minimizing theassumptions of trust. The variant of the Optimistic Rollups, in particular ofOptimism and the use of invalidity proofs through interactive binary search andof the Validity Rollups, in particular of StarkNet, and the use of validityproofs through STARKs are discussed. Finally, the two solutions are compared onwithdrawal time, on the cost of transactions and techniques to minimize it, onthe possibility of applying the technology recursively, on compatibility withEthereum and on the licenses used.

Optimistic and Validity Rollups: Analysis and Comparison between Optimism and StarkNet