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Cloud computing represents an appealing opportunity for cost-effectivedeployment of HPC workloads on the best-fitting hardware. However, althoughcloud and on-premise HPC systems offer similar computational resources, theirnetwork architecture and performance may differ significantly. For example,these systems use fundamentally different network transport and routingprotocols, which may introduce network noise that can eventually limit theapplication scaling. This work analyzes network performance, scalability, andcost of running HPC workloads on cloud systems. First, we consider latency,bandwidth, and collective communication patterns in detailed small-scalemeasurements, and then we simulate network performance at a larger scale. Wevalidate our approach on four popular cloud providers and three on-premise HPCsystems, showing that network (and also OS) noise can significantly impactperformance and cost both at small and large scale.

Noise in the Clouds: Influence of Network Performance Variability on Application Scalability