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State-of-the-art optical oscillators employing cryogenic reference cavitiesare limited in performance by the Brownian thermal noise associated with themechanical dissipation of the mirror coatings. Recently, crystallineAl$_{1-x}$Ga$_{x}$As/GaAs coatings have emerged as a promising candidate forimproved coating thermal noise. We present measurements of the frequency noiseof two fully crystalline cryogenic reference cavities withAl$_{0.92}$Ga$_{0.08}$As/GaAs optical coatings. We report on previouslyunmeasured birefringent noise associated with anti-correlated frequencyfluctuations between the polarization modes of the crystalline coatings, andidentify variables that affect its magnitude. Comparing the birefringent noisebetween the two cryogenic reference cavities reveals a phenomenological set ofscalings with intracavity power and mode area. We implement an interrogationscheme that cancels this noise by simultaneous probing of both polarizationmodes. The residual noise remaining after this cancellation is larger than bothcavities thermal noise limits, but still lower than the instabilitiespreviously measured on equivalent resonators with dielectric coatings. Thoughthe source of these novel noise mechanisms is unclear, we demonstrate thatcrystalline coatings can provide stability and sensitivity competitive withresonators employing dielectric coatings.

Frequency stability of cryogenic silicon cavities with semiconductor crystalline coatings