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The incredible thermo-mechanical properties of biological materials arisefrom the microscopic scale due to a complex hierarchical mechanism, regulatedby microinstabilities at the molecular level. The description of such complexstructures is allowed by both the know-how introduced by the advent of SMFSexperiments and the possibility of correctly mimicking their behaviour at thelowest scales. In this thesis, different classes of models with nonconvex-energies are introduced to describe the important features of phasetransition, decohesion and damage under different conditions of applied forcesand displacement, thermal fields and rates of loading. Moreover, within aStatistical Mechanics framework, temperature effects are considered alsoincluding the rate of loading. Different phenomena have been analyzed such asthe effect of the handling device in protein unfolding, the nucleation andgeneration of phase interfaces in nanowires or the cooperativity of weakinteractions in double stranded chains, as in the case of the DNA or thebundles of microtubules and tau proteins inside the neuronal axons. The resultsobtained in the thesis are compared to pieces of evidence from an extensiveliterature review and to the experimental behaviours of the systems described.

Temperature and rate effects in damage and decohesion of biological materials