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Microscopic traffic flow models can be distinguished in lane-based orlane-free depending on the degree of lane-discipline. This distinction holdstrue only if motorcycles are neglected in lane-based traffic. In cities, asopposed to highways, this is an oversimplification and it would be moreaccurate to speak of hybrid situations, where lane discipline can be mademode-dependent. Empirical evidence shows that cars follow the lanes as definedby the infrastructure, while motorcycles do not necessarily adhere topredefined norms and may participate in self-organized formation of virtuallanes. This phenomenon is the result of complex interactions between differenttraffic participants competing for limited space. In order to better understandthe dynamics of modal interaction microscopically, we first analyze empiricaldata from detailed trajectories obtained by the pNEUMA experiment and observepatterns of mixed traffic. Then, we propose a hybrid model for multimodalvehicular traffic. The hybrid model is inspired by the pedestrian flowliterature, featuring collision-free and anticipatory properties, and wedemonstrate that it is able to reproduce empirical observations from aerialfootage.

A Hybrid Microscopic Model for Multimodal Traffic with Empirical Observations from Aerial Footage