English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

We study the light modes in nonlinear electrodynamics of Plebanski class,such as Post-Maxwellian Lagrangian, Born-Infeld Lagrangian, ModMax Lagrangian,and Heisenberg-Euler-Schwinger QED Lagrangian. Nonlinear electrodynamicsprovides light, a probe photon, with not only the permittivity and permeabilitybut also the magneto-electric effect, which result in vacuum birefringence inthe studied models but multirefringence in the most general Plebanski-classLagrangians. In the Minkowski spacetime, we advance a 3+1 formulation forpolarization vectors and propagation of light, and find a factorization of theFresnel equation into two quadratures, practically allowing to find refractiveindices. The polarization vectors form a basis of reciprocal vectors in thenon-degenerate case. We apply the formulation to find the refractive indicesand polarization vectors for the Post-Maxwellian Lagrangian, Born-InfeldLagrangian, ModMax Lagrangian, and HES Lagrangian in an arbitrarily strongmagnetic field.

3+1 formulation of light modes in nonlinear electrodynamics: Minkowski spacetime