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We propose to achieve joint detections of frequency and direction of arrivalin wideband using single sensor based on an active metasurface withprogrammable transmission states of pass and stop. By integrating two PINdiodes with the opposite directions into the proposed single-layer andultrathin meta-atom, the transmission performance with 10 dB difference betweenthe pass and stop states is realized in the bandwidth from 5.9 GHz to 8.8 GHzusing field-circuit co-simulations. Accordingly, random receiving patterns aregenerated by controlling the programmable metasurface composed of theswitchable meta-atoms. Afterwards, the frequency and direction information ofsources located in the far field are detected using the modified algorithm ofestimating signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) andthe compressive sensing method, respectively. A sample of the programmablemetasurface is fabricated and the voltage control system is built upcorrespondingly. To entirely verify the validity of the proposed method, weconduct three kinds of experiments with one single source, double sources withdifferent frequencies, and double sources with the same frequency,respectively. In all cases, the source information of frequency and directionhas been detected preciously in measurements in the frequency band from 6.2 GHzto 8.8 GHz.

Joint Detections of Frequency and Direction of Arrival in Wideband Based on Programmable Metasurface