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MeV ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) is a widely used technology forultrafast structural dynamic studies of matters in numerous areas. Thedevelopment of laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) envisions great potential ofadvanced all-optical electron source based on LWFA in UED applications. Weexperimentally demonstrated that an LWFA-based device with a miniaturizedpermanent magnet beamline can generate and manipulate electron beams suitablefor UED. In the beam transmission, the LWFA electron beams with intrinsic shortduration stretch due to energy spread and then are compressed by a followingdouble bend achromat. The optimized double bend achromat can make the beamlineisochronous such that the arrival time jitter induced by the shot-to-shotenergy fluctuation can be eliminated, and allow the advantage of the naturallaser-beam synchronization for LWFAs to emerge. With the energy filtering, thebeam energy spread can be reduced to 3% (FWHM) while a sufficient amount ofcharge (2.2 fC) per bunch for diffraction is retained in the experiment and thepulse duration of 9.23 fs (rms) is verified by start-to-end simulation for beamdynamics with only 1.7% energy spread (FWHM). Clear single-shot and multi-shotdiffraction patterns of single-crystalline gold samples are obtained and thederived lattice constant agrees excellently with the real value. Ourproof-of-principle experiments open the door to the detection of ultrafaststructural dynamics using MeV LWFA beams, and pave the way for the UEDapplications with sub-10-fs temporal resolution.

Proof-of-Principle Experiments of All-optical MeV Electrons Source for Femtosecond Diffraction Imaging